林 洧

（中国人民大学法学院，北京，100872）

【摘 要】元宇宙在进行技术与社会的双重革新时，也给社会带来了新的纷争类型，需要民诉法进行必要的革新，以公正而高效地解决此类纷争。NFT侵权事件成为了此类纷争事件的缩影，存在区块链证据与链外电子证据二轴并进的情形，亟待民事证据法对其技术特征重新厘清，对其证据偏在问题寻求解决之道。一方面，需对区块链证据的证据属性与证明范式进行重新审视与反思，发展我国电子证据的司法审查规则。另一方面，需认识到经典证明责任理论面对证据偏在的适用困境，探究其成因、影响与对策。其中，证明妨碍救济可作为解决证据偏在问题的理论工具，并整合网络信息平台证据协查制度，得以革新 NFT 侵权诉讼的证明责任体系，实现当事人之间的武器平等。

【关键词】非同质化代币；元宇宙；区块链证据；证据偏在；证明妨碍

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2023）02-0242-16

Innovation of the concept of evidence in NFT tort litigation: characteristics, dilemma and countermeasures. Lin Wei. School of law, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872.

【Abstract】The meta-universe brings not only dual innovation of technology and society, but also new types of disputes to the society, which requires necessary innovations of the Civil Procedure Law to solve such disputes fairly and efficiently. NFT infringement cases have become the epitome of such disputes. There is a parallel situation between blockchain evidence and electronic evidence outside the chain. It is urgent for civil evidence law to clarify its technical characteristics and seek solutions to the problem of biased evidence. On the one hand, it is necessary to re-examine and rethink the evidence attribute and proof paradigm of blockchain evidence, and develop the judicial review rules of electronic evidence in China. On the other hand, we should realize that the classical burden of proof theory faces the dilemma of evidence bias, and explore its causes, influences and countermeasures. Among them, spoliation of evidence can be used as a theoretical tool to solve the problem of biased evidence, combined with the integration of network information platform evidence assistance system, which can reform the burden of proof system of NFT tort litigation and achieve equality of arms between the parties.

【Key Words】Non-homogeneous token; Meta-universe; Blockchain evidence; Evidence bias; Spoliation of evidence; Burden of proof