【摘要】电子数据的合法性规则体系包括取证合法性规则、违法取证的法律后果规则和合法性审查规则。通过分析我国现行法律规定可以发现，取证合法性规则体现在取证主体、取证程序和审批要求方面，技术规则不应纳入取证合法性的范畴，取证合法性规则的权利基础模糊、特殊性问题没有得到规定，与技术规则的衔接需要完善。违法取证的法律后果，目前立法中仅有瑕疵电子数据排除规则，暴露出完整性、科学性、开放性方面的诸多不足。合法性审查规则体现在审查对象和审查程序方面，存在对应性、系统性和功能定位等方面的缺陷。电子数据合规性规则体系的完善，既需要解决规则体系本身的课题，也要关注改革的基础性课题。

【关键词】电子数据；合法性；取证规则；法律后果规则；审查规则【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226(2023)04-0389-16

Research on the system of legitimacy rule of electronic data.Chu Fumin.Key Laboratory of Evidence Science,CUPL,Ministry of Education,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,100088.

【Abstract】The system of legitimacy rule of electronic data includes the rule of legality of evidence collection,the rule of legal consequences of illegal evidence collection and the rule of legality review.Through the analysis of current legal provisions in China,we can find that the rule of legality of evidence collection are embodied in the regulations on evidence collection authorities,evidence collection procedures and evidence collection approval.In addition,the technical rules of evidence collection should not be included in the scope of the rule of legality of evidence collection.The right basis of the rule of legality of evidence collection is vague,the particularity of such evidence collection has not been stipulated,and its connection with the technical rules needs to be improved.For the legal consequences of illegal evidence collection,the only related rule is the rule of excluding faulty electronic data.It exposes many legislative deficiencies in the aspect of integrity,scientificity and openness.The rule of legality review is found in the regulations on the review object and review procedures.The defect of such rule rests in the lack of correspondence,systematicness and functional orientation.To improve the system of legitimacy rule of electronic data,we need not only to solve the problems of the rule system itself,but also pay attention to the basic issues of reform.

【Key Words】Electronic data；Legitimacy；The rule of evidence collection；The rule of legal consequences；The rule of legality review