廖建灵

(北京外国语大学，北京100089)

【摘要】接续互联网信息化和无边界的特征，网络犯罪跨国趋势明显、数字化特征显著，跨境数字证据调取成为网络犯罪追诉的关键与核心。对此，一些国家和地区设立了新的跨境取证规范，总体可归为网络犯罪数字证据跨境调取的公权模式与私权模式两大类型。然而，公权模式有取证效率低，取证模式逐渐失效，取证合法性存疑的弊端，私权模式存在缺少行为合法性依据，侵犯他国主权的危险以及个人信息保护不足的问题。这些问题都是有效进行跨境数字证据取证，进而实现网络犯罪追诉和治理必须要解决的国际法治难题。对此，需在坚持国家主权原则的基础上，发挥私主体技术和数据优势，以“两步走”的策略适当繁简公权参与数字证据跨境调取的程度化解效率难题，并以“属人管辖”为连接点转变境外执法管辖原则化解合法性难题。

【关键词】网络犯罪;跨境数字证据调取;公权模式;私权模式【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226(2023)06-0680-13

The difficulties of cross-border collection of digital evidence against cybercrime under the international rule of law and its solution.Liao Jianling.Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089.

【Abstract】In continuation of the informatization characteristics and borderless characteristics of the internet,cybercrime has presented a clear trend towards transnational and digital.Such trend makes cross-border collection of digital evidence the key and core to the cybercrime prosecution.In response,some countries and regions have established new cross-border evidence collection rules,under which cross-border collection of digital evidence against cybercrime can be generally classified into two types:the public authority model and the private power model.However,the public authority model suffers from drawbacks,such as low efficiency,gradual invalidation,and doubts about legality.Meanwhile,the private power model also encounters problems,such as a lack of legal basis for actions,potential violations of other countries’sovereignty,and insufficient protection of personal information.All these problems are problems challenging the international rule of law and should be addressed in order to effectively conduct cross-border collection of digital evidence,and to succeed in the prosecution and governance of cybercrime.To resolve these problems,it is necessary to enhance private entities’advantages in technique and data on the premise of upholding the principle of national sovereignty.In order to address the efficiency issue,a“two-step”strategy,which emphasizes on an appropriate reduction of the involvement of the public authority in cross-border collection of digital evidence,should be adopted.And in order to address legitimacy concerns,“personal jurisdiction”should be deemed as the connecting point as to remodel the principle of extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction.

【Key Words】Cybercrime;Cross-border collection of digital evidence;Public authority model;Private power model